francis dk ching introduction to architecture pdf download

The difference of the models falls into directness or indirectness of the mediatory role of the technician between architectural designer and other human figures in design decision making (clients, law agents, other engineers of building and operational forces). The all models of the varieties of occupation patterns of building technicians around the world are summed up in four conceptual models. The results of this study show that draftsman place in its historical evolution has experienced a vast change from an expertise-based hierarchy towards societal hierarchy. The ethnographical strategy is chosen for the third part of the research where middle-range forces of the small design practices of Qom are studied (using deep observation, deep interview, and objective questionnaire technics) to be compared with findings of previous studies and make conclusions.

For the second part, a logical analysis of official documents is used to produce a general model of the subject. The first part of the article, proposes a conceptual framework for studying status of architectural technicians from antiquity to present comparing Iran and the west. The study aims at clarifying the occupational position of draftspersons and construction technicians and their impact on architectural designs. But these human forces have always been marginalized within research discourse as well as the educational context of architecture. In Iran, the construction industry is mostly based on an overwhelming pattern of mutual design practices where the majority of expert personals are design and construction technicians. The constructions of the building professional body has been a main research subject in recent two decades.

Francis dk ching introduction to architecture pdf download